Antiviral Drugs: Classification, Mechanism, Uses & Side Effects (Easy Notes)

📌 Introduction  

Antiviral drugs are used to treat viral infections by inhibiting the growth and replication of viruses. Unlike bacteria, viruses depend on host cells for survival, making them more difficult to treat.

This topic is highly important for GPAT, DSSSB, and other pharmacy exams.

🔍 What are Viral Infections?  

Viral infections are caused by viruses such as influenza virus, HIV, hepatitis virus, and coronavirus.

Common viral diseases:

• Influenza  

• HIV/AIDS  

• Hepatitis  

• COVID-19  

 📝 Classification of Antiviral Drugs  

Antiviral drugs are classified based on their mechanism:

Anti-HIV Drugs  

Examples: Zidovudine, Lamivudine  

Anti-Herpes Drugs  

Examples: Acyclovir  

Anti-Influenza Drugs  

Examples: Oseltamivir  

Anti-Hepatitis Drugs  

Examples: Interferons  

🧬 Mechanism of Action  

Antiviral drugs work by inhibiting viral replication:

• Inhibit viral DNA/RNA synthesis  

• Block viral entry into cells  

• Prevent viral release  

🩺 Pharmacological Effects  

• Reduce viral load  

• Control infection  

• Prevent disease progression  

💊 Therapeutic Uses  

Antiviral drugs are used in:

• HIV/AIDS  

• Influenza  

• Herpes infections  

• Hepatitis  

🚨 Side Effects  

• Nausea, vomiting  

• Headache  

• Fatigue  

• Liver toxicity  

📑 Important Exam Points  

• Acyclovir → herpes treatment  

• Oseltamivir → influenza  

• Zidovudine → HIV  

• Antivirals inhibit viral replication  

🎯 Conclusion  

Antiviral drugs are essential for managing viral infections. Understanding classification, mechanism, uses, and side effects is crucial for exams and clinical practice.

👉 Practice MCQs in evening post

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